Dystopias, through an exaggerated worst-case scenario, often make a criticism about a current trend, societal norm, or political system. Some authors use the term to refer to existing societies, many of which are, or have been, totalitarian states or societies in an advanced state of collapse. Dystopian societies appear in many sub-genres of fiction and are often used to draw attention to society, environment, politics, economics, religion, psychology, ethics, science, or technology. Other famous examples are Aldous Huxley's Brave New World (1932), and Ray Bradbury's Fahrenheit 451 (1953). The best known by far is George Orwell's Nineteen Eighty-Four (1949). Dystopian societies appear in many fictional works and artistic representations, particularly in stories set in the future. Despite certain overlaps, dystopian fiction is distinct from post-apocalyptic fiction, and an undesirable society is not necessarily dystopian. Distinct themes typical of a Dystopian Society include: complete control over the people in a society through the usage of propaganda, heavy censoring of information or denial of free thought, worshiping an unattainable goal, the complete loss of individuality, and heavy enforcement of conformity. ĭystopias are often characterized by rampant fear or distress, tyrannical governments, environmental disaster, or other characteristics associated with a cataclysmic decline in society. The relationship between utopia and dystopia is in actuality not one simple opposition, as many utopian elements and components are found in dystopias as well, and vice versa. It is often treated as an antonym of utopia, a term that was coined by Sir Thomas More and figures as the title of his best known work, published in 1516, which created a blueprint for an ideal society with minimal crime, violence and poverty. Ī dystopia (from Ancient Greek δυσ- "bad, hard" and τόπος "place" alternatively cacotopia or simply anti-utopia) is a speculated community or society that is undesirable or frightening. Life in Kowloon Walled City has often inspired the dystopian identity in modern media works.
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